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The Concept of Constituency

The Concept of Constituency

The Concept of Constituency

Political Representation, Democratic Legitimacy, and Institutional Design
Andrew Rehfeld, Washington University, St Louis
June 2005
Available
Hardback
9780521849845

    In virtually every democratic nation in the world, political representation is defined by where citizens live. In the United States, for example, Congressional Districts are drawn every 10 years as lines on a map. Why do democratic governments define political representation this way? Are territorial electoral constituencies commensurate with basic principles of democratic legitimacy? And why might our commitments to these principles lead us to endorse a radical alternative: randomly assigning citizens to permanent, single-member electoral constituencies that each looks like the nation they collectively represent? Using the case of the founding period of the United States as an illustration, and drawing from classic sources in Western political theory, this book describes the conceptual, historical, and normative features of the electoral constituency. As an institution conceptually separate from the casting of votes, the electoral constituency is little studied. Its historical origins are often incorrectly described. And as a normative matter, the constituency is almost completely ignored. Raising these conceptual, historical and normative issues, the argument culminates with a novel thought experiment of imagining how politics might change under randomized, permanent, national electoral constituencies. By focusing on how citizens are formally defined for the purpose of political representation, <i>The Concept of Constituency</i> thus offers a novel approach to the central problems of political representation, democratic legitimacy, and institutional design.

    • A novel thought experiment: assign all citizens into 435 random, national and permanent electoral constituencies for US Congress
    • All politics is not local, it only appears that way because we elect our representatives based on where we live
    • The standard of 'one person one vote' is overrated and leads us to endorse electoral systems that are contrary to broader aims of political representation

    Reviews & endorsements

    "In the current climate of complete and utter confusion, even despair, concerning the direction of redistricting practices, Rehfeld's project is important, laudable, and most welcome. His book is a much-needed attempt to develop a stock of concepts and a vocabulary sufficient to permit reasoned argument and justification in subdividing an electorate into constituencies, and he shows us both by argument and by example how to demand sound justifications for any use of territory as the basis for election districts... The book is written with exceptional clarity, engagingly advances a rich argument, and performs a valuable service by challenging us to pay careful attention to positions and arguments that, as Rehfeld persuasively shows, have not been subjected to adequate scrutiny."

    James A. Gardner, Election Law Journal

    The Concept of Constituency is a thought-provoking and insightful book that is a must read for anyone interested in political representation, democratic legitimacy and institutional design.”
    –Suzanne Dovi, University of Arizona, Perspectives on Politics

    “Andrew Rehfeld’s pathbreaking book should change the way we think about the most basic mechanisms of modern liberal democracy…This is a revolutionary book in democratic theory.”
    -Charles Larmore, University of Chicago “Rehfeld demonstrates an impressive command of a wide range of materials, drawing on and discussing relevant literature from diverse fields…The Concept of Constituency should be read by students of political science, political theory, law, and others with an interest in representation and redistricting.”
    -Stephen Macedo, Princeton University

    “Important and highly original…This book is a path breaking step forward in democratic theory: his theorizing of constituency and powerful critique of the limits of territory point the way for those new acts of imagination now required of democrats who would respond to global issues.”
    -Mark Warren, University of British Columbia Ethics “Andrew Rehfeld’s provocative new book, The Concept of Constituency, arrives at an ideal time…Rehfeld’s combination of carefully researched history and rigorous logic illuminates the choice we must make between maintaining single-member districts and moving to an American form of full, proportional representation.”
    -Rob Richie, FairVote –The Center for Voting and Democracy “Making us self-conscious about constituency definition, and asserting that territorial representation no longer meets the needs it once supposedly served, Rehfeld proposes randomized national groupings…Whether or not one agrees, this book challenges us to rethink why and how we choose legislators.”
    -Nancy L. Schwartz, Weslyan University

    “…Democratic theorists can no longer justifiably ignore the problem of constituency definition. Whatever other effects it may have, Rehfeld’s book has accomplished this much.”
    -Peter Stone, Standford University PolityThe Concept of Constituency argues for a fundamental rethinking of the relationship between constituents and politicians. This is a creative and original argument that deserves serious discussion.”
    -David Canon, University of Wisconsin-Madison, PolityThe Concept of Constituency is a path breaking book that should attract widespread attention among scholars working in normative political theory.”
    -Michael Rabinder James, Bucknell University, Polity

    “Rehfeld challenges us to think creatively about institutional designs capable of orienting politics more toward the interests we have in common than toward those that divide us. In a world of fast-increasing economic inequality and looming environmental crisis, what could be a more salutary agenda for political theory?”
    -Melissa Williams, Univerisity of Toronto Polity
    “Insightful and important…succeeds in opening up a new and important area of inquiry… The Concept of Constituency is a thought-provoking and insightful book that is a must read for anyone interested in political representation, democratic legitimacy, and institutional design.”
    –Suzanne Dovi, University of Arizona
    APSA’s Perspectives on Politics

    “Convincing and well argued…Rehfeld's book represents a rare bread of academic discussion that is prepared to challenge the apparent orthodoxy of a given discussion by raising the sorts of questions that many people simply overlook”
    -Matt McCullock, Loughborough University H-Net “In the current climate of complete and utter confusion, even despair, concerning the direction of redistricting practices, Rehfeld’s project is important, laudable and most welcome…The book is written with exceptional clarity, engagingly advances a rich argument, and performs a valuable service by challenging us to pay careful attention to positions and arguments that, as Rehfeld persuasively shows, have not been subjected to adequate scrutiny.”
    James A. Gardner, University of Buffalo Election Law Journal

    See more reviews

    Product details

    June 2005
    Hardback
    9780521849845
    278 pages
    234 × 156 × 17 mm
    0.57kg
    8 tables
    Available

    Table of Contents

    • Part I. The Concept of Constituency and Legitimate Political Representation:
    • 1. Introduction: constituency, legitimacy, and political representation
    • 2. The concept of constituency
    • Part II. On the Silence of the Land: Territorial Constituencies in American History:
    • 3. Justifications and the use of history
    • 4. The English and Colonial origins of territorial constituencies in the United States
    • 5. Territorial districts at the American Founding
    • 6. Territorial representation as an enabler of democratic values
    • Part III. Standards and Reform:
    • 7. Territory reconsidered
    • 8. On legitimate representation and a default position: permanent, involuntary, heterogeneous constituencies
    • 9. The random constituency
    • Epilogue: the random constituency 50 years from now.
      Author
    • Andrew Rehfeld , Washington University, St Louis

      Andrew Rehfeld is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Washington University in St Louis where he has been teaching since 2001. He is the recipient of the University of Chicago Century Fellowship and the Mellon Foundation Dissertation-Year Fellowship. The dissertation on which this book is based was nominated for the American Political Science Association's William Anderson Award in 2002 and the APSA Leo Strauss Award (2001). He is the author of articles which have appeared in academic journals such as Studies in American Political Development and books, including the Dictionary of American History. He is a member of the American Political Science Association, Association for Political Theory, The Historical Society, and the Midwest Political Science Association, among others.